3rd and 4th Grade

What is multiplication?

Definition

Multiplication is an operation that makes it possible to repeat a number or a quantity a certain number of times.

In multiplication, the multiplied numbers are called factors. The result of a multiplication is called the product.

Example

In the multiplication statement 7 times 5 equals 35, 7 and 5 are the factors and 35 is the product.

To find out what the × and = symbols mean, you can read the concept sheet Glossary of Mathematical Symbols (coming soon).

How to multiply using repeated addition?

To find the product, a multiplication can be represented as a series of repeated additions using a picture or objects. For example, tokens or cubes can be used to help with the calculations.

Example

The multiplication statement 5 × 7 means adding a group of 7 five times.

5 × 7 = 35

Example

The multiplication statement 4 × 244 means adding a group of 244 four times.

244 + 244 + 244 + 244 = 976

4 × 244 = 976

Multiplying Numbers Using Repeated Addition (Grade 3 - 4)

Moments in the video:

00:00-Introduction
00:20-Example 1
01:00-Example 2
01:53-Conclusion

Exercise - Multiplying Numbers (3rd and 4th grade)

How to perform column multiplication?

Rule

I write the numbers one below the other, aligning the digits according to their place value. The smaller number should be written at the bottom.
I multiply the bottom number by the digit in the ones position of the top number. If there are tens in the result, “regroup” them above the number in the tens position of the top number.
I repeat step 2 for all digits. Do not forget to add the regrouped number (if present).

Example

6 × 239 = ?

I write the numbers one below the other, aligning the digits according to their place value. The smaller number should be written at the bottom. I write the number 6 at the bottom since it is smaller than 239.
I multiply the bottom number by the digit in the ones position of the top number. If there are tens in the result, “regroup” them above the digit in the tens position of the top number in the multiplication. 6 × 9 = 54
I repeat step 2 for all remaining digits. Do not forget to add the regrouped number (if there is any). 6 × 3 = 18 Add the regrouped number: 18 + 5 = 23 6 × 2 = 12 Add the regrouped number: 12 + 2 = 14

6 × 239 = 1 434

Exercise - Column Multiplication (3rd and 4th grade)

5th and 6th Grade

What is multiplication?

Definition

Multiplication is an operation that makes it possible to repeat a number or a quantity of objects several times.

In multiplication, the multiplied numbers are factors. The result of a multiplication is called the product.

Example

In the multiplication statement 11 times 120 equals 1320, 11 and 120 are the factors. 1320 is the product.

Exercise - Multiplying Numbers (5th and 6th grade)

How to do column multiplication?

Rule

I write the numbers one below the other, aligning the digits according to their place value. The smaller number should be written at the bottom.
I multiply the digit in the ones position of the bottom number by each of the digits in the top number.
I write 0 in the ones place under the result.
I multiply the number in the tens position of the bottom number by each of the digits in the top number.
I add the 2 results written below the line to get the final product.

Example

35 × 162 = ?

I write the numbers one below the other, aligning the digits according to their place value. The smaller number should be written at the bottom. I write the number 35 at the bottom since it is smaller than 162.
I multiply the digit in the ones place of the bottom number by each of the digits in the top number.
I write 0 in the ones place under the result.
I multiply the digit in the tens position of the number below by each of the digits in the number above.
I add the two results written below the line to get the final product.