What Is the Second Conditional?

The second conditional is used to express present or future hypothetical conditions and their improbable/impossible results.

The second conditional is also called unreal conditional because it is used to talk about situations that can’t happen in the present and are unlikely to happen in the future.

Second Conditional Structure

The usual structure of second conditional sentences is:

Second Conditional—Unreal Conditional rule.

Conditional sentences contain two clauses:

Conditional clause (commonly called the if-clause)

the condition/situation
dependent clause—it needs the hypothetical result to form a complete sentence
contains a conditional clause marker—subordinating conjunction such as the words “if,” “when,” “as,” etc.

Main clause

the result
independent clause—makes sense on its own

Was vs. Were

Be careful!

The verb to be in the simple past is conjugated was in the first (I) and third (he/she/it) person singular and were in every other one (you/we/they).

However, with the second conditional, in Canadian English, were is used whatever the subject of the verb is.

Were is used to express that a situation is unreal, not possible.